ࡱ> ML,%( / 0LDTimes New Roman(0(z[ 0 @ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` XPt^#        0AA@wuʚ;2Nʚ;g4BdBd@z[ 0@ppp@ <4!d!dl 0ԙ<4ddddl 0ԙ 80___PPT10 ? % \Technology in the Academe: Teacher Attitudes and Strategies in Managing Computer Resistance]A$KBy Ma. Regina Hechanova Ma. Regina Estuar Elizabeth Grozman Arlene Ticzon LKP   ,Where is computer being used in the academe?--6What efforts have been done to promote technology use?Government contributions Modernization Program by DECS (1996) Center for Education and Technology Private sector contributions Establishment of IT educator groups Donations for laboratories Training for public school teachers Providing ICT infrastructure and internet access to schoolsTIIResearch in ICT uselEffectiveness of use of ICT in the classroom Accessibility Issues Technology Adoption Technology Management lm Variables in this study  Previous WorkszTechnophobia (Jay, 1981) Individual s resistance to talking about or even thinking about computers Fear or anxiety about computers Hostile or aggressive thoughts about computers (Weil, Rosen, & Sears, 1987) Feelings, thoughts and beliefs about present or future interaction with computers/computer related technologyl Z ZZZnZ n  1  Previous Works3Manifestations of technophobia Anxiety in using computer technology Negative attitudes about computers Negative cognitions Critical self dialogues when interacting with or contemplating future interaction with computer Technophobe Severe reactions on all dimensions or mild discomfort on a single dimensionT L L   Technology Adoption StudyPositive Effects Facilitated student learning Greater discussion and sharing Increased quality of output of student  Negative Effects Teaching became a more expensive endeavor Content is sacrificed for communication LcScS How IT Use is Managed?What strategies have organizations used to manage computer resistance? Time, Expertise, Access, Resources, Support (Leggett & Persichitte, 1998) Technology and Change in Organizations (Hechanova & Dioquino, 2003)&GG>~ 0  Components of the Study|Component 1  Measured technophobia (Weil & Rosen s Scale) Component 2 - Measured attitude towards a specific technology : online learning and teaching (Estuar s Attitude Scale) Component 3- Survey of how IT is managed in schools Do you experience resistance? Why? What strategies did you employ to manage resistance.ZXZX, v  Results of Technophobia Study CIncidence of technophobia In terms of anxiety, 1 out of 4 teachers reported high More on feelings (affect) rather than thoughts (cognition) Factors influencing level of technophobia Type of School Public school teachers more technophobic than private schools Age Older teachers are more technophobic than younger teachers r*>;r*>  ;  P  + 1  Results of Attitude StudyPositive Attitudes Presence of technology Accessible Available Functionality of technology Interactive Beneficial Innovative Efficientb,, Negative Attitudes Cost expensive Perceived difficulty Time consuming Tedious Confusing, Difficult Frustrating Distrust Unreliable Intimidating ZZ ZZ8Z ZZ 8 Sources of ResistanceLack of Skill Fear of technology Difficulty in using computers Resistance to change Lack of exposure Lack of awareness for value, fear of downsizing, no need for computers ^Difference Public school teachers have greater fear of technology than private school teachers& T T!Strategies in Managing ResistanceProviding computer training programs Information dissemination Ensuring user-friendly computer Identifying computer use as a key-strategy Requiring computer skills Providing user support {Difference A greater number of private schools require computer skills in hiring as compared to those in the public schools& q q DiscussionTechnophobia is real in the academe is manifested in terms of anxiety rather than cognition is correlated with age Attitudes Positive attitudes focus on cognitive aspects Negative attitudes focus on affectT ZiZ ZQZ i Q  DiscussionxDifferences in Public Schools and Private Schools Incidence of technophobia Fear of technology Computer Skills in Hiring&2G2G? - ConclusionResistance stems from both individual and organizational issues Need for a systems approach in ensuring computer adoption in institutions 8 ConclusionIndividual Level Need to measure attitudes and direct strategies towards creating a more positive environment for technology use Profile of users and non-users B [Organizational Approach Human Process Leadership Techno-Structural Skill Building Resources&DD ` ` ̙33` 333MMM` ff3333f` f` f` 3>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> $(    6`9 P 9 T Click to edit Master title style! !  09  9 RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     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[f Oh+'08 `h   , 8DL]Technology in the Academe: Teacher Attitudes and Strategies in Managing Computer Resistancet Single UserONTELLU12EMicrosoft PowerPointdem@`r@7@5Ӹ@M%wGg  i=  x-- @ !x--'@Times New Roman-. .2 cITechnology in the Academe:     ."Systemi-@Times New Roman-. =2 O$Teacher Attitudes and Strategies in        .-@Times New Roman-. 12 ZManaging Computer Resistance        .-@Times New Roman-.  2 By .-@Times New Roman-. 2 Ma. Regina  .-@Times New Roman-. 2 Hechanovaa  .-@Times New Roman-. 2  Ma. Regina  .-@Times New Roman-. 2  Estuar .-@Times New Roman-. 2 / Elizabeth .-@Times New Roman-. 2 /Grozman   .-@Times New Roman-. 2 GArlene .-@Times New Roman-. 2 GTiczon  .-t՜.+,0    sOn-screen Showon-sfA Times New RomanDefault Design]Technology in the Academe: Teacher Attitudes and Strategies in Managing Computer Resistance-Where is computer being used in the academe?7What efforts have been done to promote technology use?Research in ICT useVariables in this studyPrevious WorksPrevious WorksTechnology Adoption StudyHow IT Use is Managed?Components of the StudyResults of Technophobia StudyResults of Attitude StudySources of Resistance"Strategies in Managing Resistance Discussion Discussion Conclusion Conclusion  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles_f ONTELLONTELL  !"#$%&'()*+,-./012356789:;=>?@ABCEFGHIJKNRoot EntrydO)Current UserDSummaryInformation(4PowerPoint Document(fDocumentSummaryInformation8<